drug alcohol – Know About Opiate Drug Testing

Posted by Rolf Joho on Dec 4, 2009

Know About Opiate Drug Testing

Opiates are one of the most addictive drugs with sedative and analgesic effects, which depress the central nervous system. According to the TEDS report, opiates are the primary substance of abuse and accounted for almost one-fifth (19 percent) of all substance abuse treatment admissions in 2007. Some common opiates are morphine, codeine and heroin, of which heroin is the major illegal drug. According to NSDUH, there were about 114,000 persons aged 12 or older who used heroin for the first time within the past 12 months in 2008.

Opiates is one of the five metabolite groups called SAMHSA-5 that can be tested for workplace drug testing under SAMHSA guidelines. The opiate drug tests detect the presence of codeine, morphine, and 6-acetyl-morphine. The presence of 6-acetyl-morphine shows recent heroin abuse.

Urine drug testing:
Urine test is a common method of detecting opiate and its metabolites in urine specimen. Morphine can be detected in urine for 2 days, codaine for 2 to 3 days and heroin for 3 to 4 days. The cutoff concentration for initial test of opiate metabolites is 2000ng/mL. The confirmatory cut off level for morphine and codeine are 2000ng/mL and 10ng/mL for 6-acetylmorphine.

Hair drug testing:
Many opiates can be detected using hair tests. Hair tests require a sample of hair about 90 to 120 strands. The standard hair screen uses the most recent 1.5 inches of growth for testing. Hair tests detect substance abuse over a long period. Morphine, codeine and heroin can be detected for up to 90 days using hair tests. The initial cutoff level for opiate metabolites is 200 pg/mg and confirmatory cutoff value is also 200 pg/mg.

Saliva drug testing:
Saliva tests are easy to administer and adulteration of the specimen can be avoided. Morphine and heroin can be detected in saliva for 1 to 2 days and codeine for 2 to 3 days. The initial cutoff concentration level for opiate metabolites is 40ng/mL. The confirmatory test cutoff level for Morphine and codeine are 40ng/mL each and 4 ng/mL for 6-acetylmorphine.

Opiate abuse continues be a serious threat to public health. The above information will surely help you to understand different methods of opiate drug testing and choose the better one to dete
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ct this harmful drug without much hassle.

By: Drug Alcohol Test

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In the modem world, being incapacitated or severely impaired due to an accident or life threatening illness is a distinct possibility. As technology advances the number of diseases and potential dangers to human health also increase. The increase of these dangers is related to pollution, radiation, and drug and alcohol abuse. But whatever the cause of these dangers may be, many people nowadays are creating a living will in preparation for any unfortunate debilitating accident or disease.

My opinion about having a living will is based on mainly on my experience. Although I work in the legal field I am not a lawyer. You should take care not to mistake anything I say as legal advice. With that out of the way, I can express freely that a living will not do all that you may think it can.

If you want to make sure that your wishes about medical care will be carried out, putting a health care power of attorney in place will be a more sensible choice. A health care power of attorney can be more specific when it comes to your preferences in that event that you are incapacitated.

If you are unfortunate enough to become incapacitated or seriously ill, you may need someone you trust to make important decisions for you. However, a living will does not designate anyone the power to make decisions for you. It is also important for those you want to make decisions for you to be aware of your vital medical information if they are to make the correct decisions for you. You see, a living will does not guarantee anyone access to a patient’s medical information.

A law commonly known as HIPAA prevents anyone from knowing any patient’s medical information with any consent from the patient. It would be wise to give someone you trust the power of attorney so that person can gain access to your medical condition to enable them to make informed decisions in your behalf. A living will may not be able to cover all the possibilities involved in a debilitating illness or accident like if thee is a possibility for the patient to recover, making life or death decisions difficult to make.

Asking your lawyer for advice before creating a living will for yourself or your loved one can assure you of a better preparation for the possibility of being incapacitated. A lawyer can also lucidly discuss the effectiveness of a living will against a health care power of attorney. It may cost you more money but it’s worth it if it ensures that you and your family of having more freedom and protection in the event that you become incapacitated or seriously ill.

About The Author

Morgan Hamilton offers expert advice and great tips regarding all aspects concerning Living Will. Get more information by visiting http://www.lawinformationonline.com/legal-information/legal-issues/why-you-should-have-a-living-will.html

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